53. Welcomes the agreement reached by 196 governments at COP14 on the UN Convention on Biological Diversity to accelerate investment in nature and people by 2020 and beyond; stresses that economic growth can only promote sustainable development if it is dissociated from the degradation of biodiversity and nature`s ability to serve human beings; 72. expresses its deep concern at the adoption of Resolution A40-19 at the 40th ICAO General Assembly and the so-called CORSIA exclusivity clause; urges the Member States to make a formal reservation to this part of the resolution in order to preserve the EU`s legislative autonomy with regard to measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the aviation sector; Can you clarify the legal status, legal force (with regard to liabilities) and its impact of three different instruments: cop decisions, legally binding treaties and unilateral declarations? Principle 10 of the Guiding Principles, which states that unilateral statements made once cannot be revoked if they are trusted by other parties, is also important in the context of unilateral legally binding statements. This is in stark contrast to, for example, Article 25 of the UNFCCC and Article 27 of the Kyoto Protocol, both of which allow for a unilateral withdrawal of commitments one year after the listing of the UN depositary. The 1969 Vienna Convention defines a treaty as “an international agreement concluded in writing between States and subject to international law, whether contained in a single act or in two or more related acts, whatever its particular name”. The 1986 Vienna Convention extends the definition of treaties to international agreements in which international organisations participate as contracting parties. Given the criteria established by icJ jurisprudence and defined in the Guiding Principles, it would be fairly easy for a State to avoid legally binding obligations in the context of a unilateral statement, but to find it more difficult to ensure that such legally binding obligations would be created. 120. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to use all available instruments (e.g. B international negotiations, trade and regional agreements, international partnerships) to promote and promote cooperation in the global transition to net-zero emissions, climate resilience, sustainable development and food and water security; Often, unilateral statements by States in international negotiations serve to apologize for performance instead of committing to do so. The statements made under the ICC`s Optional Protocol are a very important example of the opposite of states voluntarily making an additional commitment. Article 36(2) of the Statute of the ICJ provides that States may declare that they recognize, in certain circumstances, the jurisdiction of the Tribunal for disputes as binding and without special agreement. More than 60 of the 192 signatory countries to the statute have unilaterally declared to the UN Secretary-General that they will accept jurisdiction.

There are certain rules detailed in the statute on these declarations and whether they are made unconditionally or with reciprocity. The crucial point of the optional clause is that unilateral declarations have a clearly binding effect, since the statute itself anticipates this effect. Principle 7 states that a “unilateral statement implies obligations for the forming State only if it is formulated in a clear and concrete manner”. Principle 10 establishes rules against the unilateral withdrawal of declarations if those to whom the obligations are due trust. . . .